Ludwig “Israel” Lewinter was a dentist practicing in Vienna. However, due to the changes in laws, his practice was limited to Jews and his title was no longer dentist: it was “caretaker of Jewish teeth” (Zahnbehandler).

Laws were passed in late 1935 that stripped Jews of their right of citizenship in the Reich. The new regulations applied if you were Jewish and had any Jewish relatives. Even if you were not raised as a Jew, you could not be considered an Aryan.

This following is a voter registration card, which serves as a reminder that an election is coming up. It relays to the voter the location of the polling place and what issues are being decided. The handstamp on lower left of the front of the card was made at the polling place and indicates that the person voted. The front also has a nice souvenir cancel, dated April 1938.

The back of the voter registration card is a clear example of the Nuremberg Laws. The bottom paragraph clearly indicates that the new definition of who was a Jew. It was clearly a racial, not religious, distinction.

A person who exercises his right to vote, even though he has been denied that privilege, or is a Jew, or it is known to him that at least three grandparents were Jews, or is a product of a mixed marriage (at least two Jewish grandparents) and married to a Jew is required to return this voting card to the city voting office and may not take part in this election. Not doing so subjects him to serious punishment.